б/н 46148
Завантажити документ
Формат .docx · доступно зареєстрованим користувачам
<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"
xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"
xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=windows-1251">
<meta name=ProgId content=Word.Document>
<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 9">
<meta name=Originator content="Microsoft Word 9">
<link rel=File-List href="./1002122.files/filelist.xml">
<link rel=Edit-Time-Data href="./1002122.files/editdata.mso">
<link rel=OLE-Object-Data href="./1002122.files/oledata.mso">
<title>Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî îáåñïå÷åíèþ óñòîé÷èâîñòè çåìëÿíîãî ïîëîòíà àâòîìîáèëüíûõ äîðîã â ñëîæíûõ èíæåíåðíî-ãåîëîãè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèÿõ ñ ïîìîùüþ àíêåðíûõ êîíñòðóêöèé</title>
<style>
<!--
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
h1
{
margin-top:6.0pt;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
margin-left:0cm;
text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
h2
{
margin-top:6.0pt;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
margin-left:0cm;
text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
h3
{
margin-top:6.0pt;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:6.0pt;
margin-left:0cm;
text-align:center;
page-break-after:avoid;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
p.MsoToc1, li.MsoToc1, div.MsoToc1
{
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
p.MsoToc2, li.MsoToc2, div.MsoToc2
{
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:12.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
p.MsoToc3, li.MsoToc3, div.MsoToc3
{
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:20.15pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
p.MsoToc4, li.MsoToc4, div.MsoToc4
{
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:36.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
p.MsoToc5, li.MsoToc5, div.MsoToc5
{
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:48.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
p.MsoToc6, li.MsoToc6, div.MsoToc6
{
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:60.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
p.MsoToc7, li.MsoToc7, div.MsoToc7
{
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:72.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
p.MsoToc8, li.MsoToc8, div.MsoToc8
{
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:84.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
p.MsoToc9, li.MsoToc9, div.MsoToc9
{
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;
margin-left:96.0pt;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;
text-underline:single;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;
text-underline:single;}
p.FR1, li.FR1, div.FR1
{
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;
margin-left:0cm;
text-align:center;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
font-weight:bold;
}
p.FR2, li.FR2, div.FR2
{
margin-top:0cm;
margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;
margin-left:0cm;
text-align:center;
text-autospace:none;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
font-weight:bold;
}
/* Page Definitions */
@page
{
}
@page Section1
{size:595.45pt 841.7pt;
margin:2.0cm 2.0cm 2.0cm 3.0cm;
}
div.Section1
{page:Section1;}
@page Section2
{size:841.7pt 595.45pt;
margin:3.0cm 2.0cm 2.0cm 2.0cm;
}
div.Section2
{page:Section2;}
@page Section3
{size:595.45pt 841.7pt;
margin:2.0cm 2.0cm 2.0cm 3.0cm;
}
div.Section3
{page:Section3;}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body lang=RU link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:14.15pt;text-justify-trim:
punctuation'>
<div class=Section1>
<p class=FR2>ÌÈÍÈÑÒÅÐÑÒÂÎ ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÀ</p>
<p class=FR2>ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÂÑÅÑÎÞÇÍÛÉ ÄÎÐÎÆÍÛÉ <br>
ÍÀÓ×ÍÎ-ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÒÅËÜÑÊÈÉ ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒ <br>
(ÑÎÞÇÄÎÐÍÈÈ)</p>
<p class=FR1>ÌÅÒÎÄÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÐÅÊÎÌÅÍÄÀÖÈÈ <br>
ÏÎ ÎÁÅÑÏÅ×ÅÍÈÞ ÓÑÒÎÉ×ÈÂÎÑÒÈ <br>
ÇÅÌËßÍÎÃÎ ÏÎËÎÒÍÀ <br>
ÀÂÒÎÌÎÁÈËÜÍÛÕ ÄÎÐÎÃ Â ÑËÎÆÍÛÕ <br>
ÈÍÆÅÍÅÐÍÎ-ÃÅÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÓÑËÎÂÈßÕ <br>
Ñ ÏÎÌÎÙÜÞ ÀÍÊÅÐÍÛÕ ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÉ</p>
<p class=FR2 align=right style='text-align:right'><i><span style='font-weight:
normal'>ÎÄÎÁÐÅÍÛ ÌÈÍÒÐÀÍÑÑÒÐÎÅÌ</span></i></p>
<p class=FR2> </p>
<p class=FR2>ÌÎÑÊÂÀ 1976</p>
<p class=FR2> </p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>ÌÅÒÎÄÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ
ÐÅÊÎÌÅÍÄÀÖÈÈ ÏÎ ÎÁÅÑÏÅ×ÅÍÈÞ ÓÑÒÎÉ×ÈÂÎÑÒÈ ÇÅÌËßÍÎÃÎ ÏÎËÎÒÍÀ ÀÂÒÎÌÎÁÈËÜÍÛÕ ÄÎÐÎÃ
 ÑËÎÆÍÛÕ ÈÍÆÅÍÅÐÍÎ-ÃÅÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÓÑËÎÂÈßÕ Ñ ÏÎÌÎÙÜÞ ÀÍÊÅÐÍÛÕ ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖÈÉ.
Ñîþçäîðíèè. Ì., 1976.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>Ïðèâåäåíû
ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî ðàñ÷åòó è òåõíîëîãèè ñîîðóæåíèÿ àíêåðíûõ êîíñòðóêöèé,
ðàçðàáîòàííûå íà îñíîâå ðåçóëüòàòîâ íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ è îïûòíûõ ðàáîò
Ñîþçäîðíèè 1972 - 1975 ãã., èçëîæåíû òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ìàòåðèàëàì àíêåðíîé
êîíñòðóêöèè, à òàêæå ïðèâåäåíû îðèåíòèðîâî÷íûå ñòîèìîñòè ðàçëè÷íûõ ñïîñîáîâ
óêðåïëåíèÿ îïîëçíåé.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>Òàáë.
11, ðèñ. 9.</p>
<h1><a name="_Toc121181654"></a><a name="_Toc121181698">Ïðåäèñëîâèå</a></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>Îïîëçíè ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñåðüåçíûì
ïðåïÿòñòâèåì äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ íîðìàëüíûõ óñëîâèé ýêñïëóàòàöèè àâòîìîáèëüíûõ
äîðîã â ðÿäå ðàéîíîâ.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>Ðàçðàáîòêà ýêîíîìè÷íûõ è
ýôôåêòèâíûõ ïðîòèâîîïîëçíåâûõ êîíñòðóêöèé ïðåäñòàâëÿåò âåñüìà àêòóàëüíóþ
íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêóþ ïðîáëåìó â îáëàñòè äîðîæíîãî ñòðîèòåëüñòâà.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>Îäíîé èç êîíñòðóêöèé, êîòîðàÿ
ðåøàåò ýòó ïðîáëåìó, ÿâëÿåòñÿ àíêåðíàÿ. Äî íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè ìåòîä àíêåðîâêè
óñïåøíî ïðèìåíÿëñÿ ëèáî äëÿ óâåëè÷åíèÿ óñòîé÷èâîñòè áîðòîâ óùåëèé, ñëîæåííûõ
ñêàëüíûìè ïîðîäàìè, ëèáî äëÿ óâåëè÷åíèÿ íåñóùåé ñïîñîáíîñòè êîíñòðóêöèé ïëîòèí
èëè ïîäïîðíûõ ñòåí. Îäíàêî åãî ìîæíî ñ óñïåõîì ïðèìåíèòü è äëÿ ïîâûøåíèÿ
óñòîé÷èâîñòè îòêîñîâ è ñêëîíîâ, ñëîæåííûõ ñâÿçíûìè ãðóíòàìè. Ïåðâûå
ïîëîæèòåëüíûå ðåçóëüòàòû èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ àíêåðíîé êîíñòðóêöèè äëÿ ïîâûøåíèÿ
óñòîé÷èâîñòè îòêîñîâ, ñëîæåííûõ ãëèíèñòûìè ãðóíòàìè, áûëè ïîëó÷åíû â ×åõîñëîâàêèè.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>Íàñòîÿùèå «Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå
ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî îáåñïå÷åíèþ óñòîé÷èâîñòè çåìëÿíîãî ïîëîòíà àâòîìîáèëüíûõ äîðîã
â ñëîæíûõ èíæåíåðíî-ãåîëîãè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèÿõ ñ ïîìîùüþ àíêåðíûõ êîíñòðóêöèé»
ðàçðàáîòàíû ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ïðîâåäåííûõ â Ñîþçäîðíèè ñ 1972 ã. òåîðåòè÷åñêèõ,
ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûõ è îïûòíûõ ðàáîò.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>«Ìåòîäè÷åñêèìè
ðåêîìåíäàöèÿìè» ñëåäóåò ðóêîâîäñòâîâàòüñÿ ïðè ñîñòàâëåíèè ïðîåêòîâ çàêðåïëåíèÿ
îïîëçíåâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ íà ñòðîÿùèõñÿ èëè íà ðàíåå ïîñòðîåííûõ àâòîìîáèëüíûõ
äîðîãàõ, âêëþ÷àÿ ñåéñìè÷åñêè àêòèâíûå ðàéîíû.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>«Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå
ðåêîìåíäàöèè» ñîñòàâèëè êàíä. òåõí. íàóê Ý.Ì. Äîáðîâ è èíæ. Þ.Â. Ïóäîâ. Â
ðàáîòå ïðèíèìàëè
ó÷àñòèå Å.Ò. Ñåìåíîâà (ëàáîðàòîðíûå èñïûòàíèÿ), Â.À. Ïðîíèí (ïîëåâûå ðàáîòû).</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>Çàìå÷àíèÿ
è ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî íàñòîÿùèì «Ìåòîäè÷åñêèì ðåêîìåíäàöèÿì» ïðîñüáà íàïðàâëÿòü ïî
àäðåñó: 143900 Ìîñêîâñêàÿ îáë., Áàëàøèõà-6, Ñîþçäîðíèè.</p>
<h1><a name="_Toc121181655"></a><a name="_Toc121181699">1 Îáùèå ïîëîæåíèÿ</a></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>1.1. Àíêåðíàÿ
êîíñòðóêöèÿ îòíîñèòñÿ ê óäåðæèâàþùèì ïðîòèâîîïîëçíåâûì êîíñòðóêöèÿì.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>Ïðèìåíåíèå àíêåðíîé êîíñòðóêöèè
ïîçâîëÿåò ïðèæàòü ñìåùàþùóþñÿ ìàññó ãðóíòà ê êîðåííûì, óñòîé÷èâûì ïîðîäàì è òåì
ñàìûì ñîçäàòü óïîðíóþ ãðóíòîâóþ ïðèçìó, âîñïðèíèìàþùóþ àêòèâíîå îïîëçíåâîå
äàâëåíèå.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>Êðîìå òîãî, ãèáêàÿ àíêåðíàÿ
ñâÿçü ïîçâîëÿåò â ñëó÷àå ñìåùåíèÿ îïîëçíåâûõ ìàññ, âûçâàííîãî ñòðîèòåëüñòâîì
ñîîðóæåíèé èëè äèíàìè÷åñêèì âîçäåéñòâèåì, óâåëè÷èâàòü äàâëåíèå íà ãðóíòû
îïîëçíåâîãî ìàññèâà, ò.å. îáëàäàåò ýôôåêòîì ñàìîàíêåðîâêè.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>1.2. Àíêåðíûå
êîíñòðóêöèè çàìåíÿþò íåêîòîðûå êîíñòðóêöèè äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ óñòîé÷èâîñòè
îïîëçíåâûõ ñêëîíîâ (òàáë. <a href="#TO0000001"
title="Òàáëèöà 1">1</a> è ïðèëîæåíèå <a
href="#PO0000064" title="Ïðèëîæåíèå 1">1</a>) è ïîçâîëÿþò èíîãäà
ïîëíîñòüþ èñêëþ÷èòü óñòðîéñòâî äîðîãîñòîÿùèõ è òðóäîåìêèõ äðåíàæíûõ ñîîðóæåíèé.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>1.3. Àíêåðíàÿ
êîíñòðóêöèÿ ñîñòîèò èç îäíîãî èëè íåñêîëüêèõ ðÿäîâ àíêåðíûõ çàòÿæåê, îáû÷íî
ðàñïîëàãàåìûõ ïîïåðåê ñêëîíà, óñòîé÷èâîñòü êîòîðîãî òðåáóåòñÿ îáåñïå÷èòü.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'>1.4. Àíêåðíàÿ
çàòÿæêà ñîñòîèò èç ÷åòûðåõ îñíîâíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ (ðèñ. <a
href="#SO0000016" title="Ðèñóíîê 1">1</a>): âåðõíåãî àíêåðà; àíêåðíîé
ïëèòû, óêëàäûâàåìîé íà ïîâåðõíîñòü ãðóíòà, óñòîé÷èâîñòü êîòîðîãî òðåáóåòñÿ
îáåñïå÷èòü; àíêåðíîé òÿãè, ñîñòîÿùåé èç ïó÷êà âûñîêîïðî÷íîé ïðîâîëîê