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<title>Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ ïðîòèâîîáâàëüíûõ è ïðîòèâîëàâèííûõ ãàëåðåé è ýñòàêàä äëÿ ïðîïóñêà ñêàëüíûõ îáâàëîâ â ðàéîíàõ Ñåâåðíîé ñòðîèòåëüíî-êëèìàòè÷åñêîé çîíû</title>
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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;
'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ÂÑÅÑÎÞÇÍÛÉ
ÍÀÓ×ÍÎ-ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÒÅËÜÑÊÈÉ <br>
ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒ ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÀ</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ÖÍÈÈÑ ÌÈÍÒÐÀÍÑÑÒÐÎß</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman"'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>ÌÅÒÎÄÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÐÅÊÎÌÅÍÄÀÖÈÈ <br>
ÏÎ ÏÐÎÅÊÒÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÞ ÏÐÎÒÈÂÎÎÁÂÀËÜÍÛÕ <br>
È ÏÐÎÒÈÂÎËÀÂÈÍÍÛÕ ÃÀËÅÐÅÉ È ÝÑÒÀÊÀÄ <br>
ÄËß ÏÐÎÏÓÑÊÀ ÑÊÀËÜÍÛÕ ÎÁÂÀËÎÂ Â <br>
ÐÀÉÎÍÀÕ ÑÅÂÅÐÍÎÉ <br>
ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÍÎ-ÊËÈÌÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÉ </span><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Ç<span style='color:
black'>ÎÍÛ</span></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman"'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman"'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";text-transform:uppercase'>Ìîñêâà
1</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";text-transform:uppercase'>972</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman";text-transform:uppercase'> </span></b></p>
<h1 style='margin-top:0cm'><a name="_Toc120786184">ÏÐÅÄÈÑËÎÂÈÅ</a></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>Ïîñòîÿííî âîçðàñòàþùèé îáúåì ñòðîèòåëüñòâà çàùèòíûõ ãàëåðåé â
ðàéîíàõ Ñåâåðíîé ñòðîèòåëüíî-êëèìàòè÷åñêîé çîíû âûçâàë íåîáõîäèìîñòü â
ñîñòàâëåíèè Ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé ïî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ ñáîðíûõ è ñáîðíîìîíîë</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>èòíûõ ýñòàêàä äëÿ ïðîïóñêà ñêàëüíûõ îáâàëîâ è
ïðîòèâîëàâèííûõ è ïðîòèâîîáâàëüíûõ ãàëåðåé.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>Íåñìîòðÿ íà øèðîêîå ïðèìåíåíèå ãàëåðåé äî íàñòîÿ</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ùåãî âðåìåíè íå áûëè ðàçðàáîòàíû ìåòîäèêà èõ ðàñ÷åòà è íîðìàòèâíûå
äîêóìåíòû ïî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ. Ýòî ïðèâîäèëî ê òîìó, ÷òî â îäèíàêîâûõ
èíæåíåðíî-ãåîëîãè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèÿõ ïðèíèìàëèñü ðàçëè÷íûå ðåøåíèÿ ïî óñòðîéñòâó
ãàëåðåé. Ìåòîäèêè ðàñ÷åòà ýñòàêàä äëÿ ïðîïóñêà ñêàëüíûõ îáâàëîâ òàêæå íå
ñóùåñòâîâàëî.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>Íàñòîÿùèå Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ðàçðàáîòàíû â Çàêàâêàçñêîé
ëàáîðàòîðèè </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ÖÍÈÈÑà íà îñíîâàíèè
îïûòà ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ, ñòðîèòåëüñòâà è ýêñïëóàòàöèè ãàëåðåé è ýñòàêàä è
îòäåëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, ïðîâåäåííûõ â ÖÍÈÈÑå.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>Àâòîðû Ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé - êàíäèäàòû òåõíè÷åñêèõ íàóê À.Ì.
Êèìáåðã, Ï.Ì. Íåòêà÷å</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>â è À.È. Ïåñîâ.
Ïðè ñîñòàâëåíèè Ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé èñïîëüçîâàíû ìàòåðèàëû
Êàâãèïðîòðàíñà, Ëåíãèïðîòðàíñà, Ñèáãèïðîòðàíñà
è Æåëäîðïðîåêòà Çàêàâêàçñêîé æåëåçíîé äîðîãè, îáîáùàþùèõ
îïûò ïðîåêòèðîâàíèÿ ãàëåðåé è ýñòàêàä è äàííûå ïî èõ ñòðîèòåëüñòâó è
ýêñïëóàòàöèè íà Àçåðáàéäæàíñêîé, Âîñòî÷íî-Ñèáèðñêîé,
Çàêàâêàçñêîé, Ñàõàëèíñêîé æåëåçíûõ äîðîãàõ è
àâòîäîðîãàõ Àðìÿíñêîé, Ãðóçèíñêîé è Êèðãèçñêîé ÑÑÐ.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>Íàñòîÿùèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ðàññìîòðåíû è îäîáðåíû Ãëàâòðàíñïðîåêòîì è
Òåõíè÷åñêèì óïðàâëåíèåì Ìèíòðàíññòðîÿ.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt;text-align:justify;tab-stops:362.7pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>Çàì. </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'>äèðåêòîðà èíñòèòóòà </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'>(È. ÍÀÑÅÄÊÈÍ)</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt;text-align:justify;tab-stops:362.7pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'>Ðóêîâîäèòåëü îòäåëåíèÿ
çåìëÿíîãî ïîëîòíà è âåðõíåãî ñòðîåíèÿ ïóòè (Á.
ÖÂÅËÎÄÓÁ)</span></p>
<h1><a name=PN0000001></a><a name="_Toc120786185"></a><a name=PO0000001>I. ÏÐÎÅÊÒÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ
ÏÐÎÒÈÂÎÎÁÂÀËÜÍÛÕ È ÏÐÎÒÈÂÎËÀÂÈÍÍÛÕ ÃÀËÅÐÅÉ</a></h1>
<h2 style='margin-top:0cm'><a name=PN0000002></a><a name="_Toc120786186"></a><a
name=PO0000002>1. Îáùèå ïîëîæåíèÿ</a></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><a
name=PN0000003></a><a name=PO0000003><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'>1.1</span></a><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>. Ïðîåêòèðóåìûå ïðîòèâîîáâàëüíûå è </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ïðîòèâîëàâèííûå ãàëåðåè â òå÷åíèå âñåãî ñðîêà èõ ñëóæáû äîëæíû
îáåñïå÷èâàòü áåçîïàñíîñòü è áåñïåðåáîéíîñòü
äâèæåíèÿ ïîåçäîâ ïðè îïòèìàëüíûõ çàòðàòàõ íà
ñîäåðæàíèå ñîîðóæåíèé â ïðîöåññå ýêñïëóàòàöèè.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>Îñîáîå âíèìàíè</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>å ïðè
ïðîåêòèðîâàíèè äîëæíî áûòü óäåëåíî íàäåæíîñòè
íåñóùèõ êîíñòðóêöèé, òùàòåëüíîìó âûïîëíåíèþ ïîëíîãî êîìïëåêñà âîäîîòâîäíûõ è
äðåíàæíûõ óñòðîéñòâ, à òàêæå ãèäðîèçîëÿöèè, âûõîä èç ñòðîÿ êîòîðûõ ìîæåò
ñóùåñòâåííî îñëîæíèòü ýêñïëóàòàöèþ ãàëåðåé è ñîêðàòèòü ñðîê èõ ñëóæáû.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black'>Îáÿçàòåëüíûì óñëîâèåì íîðìàëüíîé ýêñïëóàòàöèè ãàëåðåé ÿâëÿåòñÿ
óñòðîéñòâî íà èõ ïåðåêðûòèè àìîðòè</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>çèðóþùåé ãðóíòîâîé îòñûïêè,
ñíèæàþùåé äèíàìè÷åñêîå âîçäåéñòâèå ãîðíûõ
îáâàëîâ, ñíåæíûõ ëàâèí è ï