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<title>Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî çàùèòå îòêîñîâ ïåñ÷àíûõ íàñûïåé îò ðàçìûâà â óñëîâèÿõ Êàçàõñòàíà</title>
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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ÌÈÍÈÑÒÅÐÑÒÂÎ
ÒÐÀÍÑÏÎÐÒÍÎÃÎ ÑÒÐÎÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÀ</span></b></p>
<div style='border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;border:none;
padding:0cm;'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ
ÂÑÅÑÎÞÇÍÛÉ ÄÎÐÎÆÍÛÉ <br>
ÍÀÓ×ÍÎ-ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÒÅËÜÑÊÈÉ ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒ <br>
(ÑÎÞÇÄÎÐÍÈÈ)</span></b></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ÌÅÒÎÄÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ
ÐÅÊÎÌÅÍÄÀÖÈÈ <br>
ÏÎ ÇÀÙÈÒÅ ÎÒÊÎÑÎÂ <br>
ÏÅÑ×ÀÍÛÕ ÍÀÑÛÏÅÉ <br>
ÎÒ ÐÀÇÌÛÂÀ Â ÓÑËÎÂÈßÕ ÊÀÇÀÕÑÒÀÍÀ</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center'><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
text-transform:uppercase'>Ìîñêâà 1980</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center'><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";text-transform:
uppercase'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ÌÅÒÎÄÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ
ÐÅÊÎÌÅÍÄÀÖÈÈ ÏÎ ÇÀÙÈÒÅ ÎÒÊÎÑΠÏÅÑ×ÀÍÛÕ ÍÀÑÛÏÅÉ ÎÒ ÐÀÇÌÛÂÀ  ÓÑËÎÂÈßÕ
ÊÀÇÀÕÑÒÀÍÀ. Ñîþçäîðíèè. Ì., 1980.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Äàíû
ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî çàùèòå íåïîäòàïëèâàåìûõ îòêîñîâ íàñûïåé, ñîîðóæàåìûõ èç ìåëêèõ
ïåñêîâ ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì áèòóìíîé ýìóëüñèè, âûñîêîñìîëèñòûõ íåôòåé, íåòêàíîãî
ñèíòåòè÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà «äîðíèò», ðåøåò÷àòûõ êîíñòðóêöèé. Ðàçðàáîòàíû
êîíñòðóêöèè çàùèòû îòêîñîâ ñ ó÷åòîì îñîáåííîñòåé êëèìàòè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèé äëÿ ïÿòè
ðàéîíîâ Êàçàõñòàíà. Ïðèâåäåíû òðåáîâàíèÿ ê ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ êîíñòðóêöèé;
îïðåäåëåíà îáëàñòü èõ ïðèìåíåíèÿ; èçëîæåíû õàðàêòåðèñòèêè èñïîëüçóåìûõ
ìàòåðèàëîâ, òåõíîëîãèÿ ðàáîò ïî óêðåïëåíèþ îòêîñîâ íàñûïåé îò ðàçìûâà.</span></p>
<h1 style='page-break-after:auto'><a name="_Toc89160978">Ïðåäèñëîâèå</a></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Â
ïåñ÷àíûõ ïóñòûíÿõ Êàçàõñòàíà çåìëÿíîå ïîëîòíî âîçâîäÿò èç ìåëêèõ íåñâÿçíûõ
(áàðõàííûõ) ïåñêîâ. Ïðè îòñóòñòâèè íàäëåæàùåé çàùèòû íà îòêîñàõ íàñûïåé èç
òàêèõ ïåñêîâ îáðàçóþòñÿ ýðîçèîííûå äåôîðìàöèè. Îíè ñîïðîâîæäàþòñÿ ðàçðóøåíèåì
îáî÷èí íà øèðèíó äî 1,5 - 2 ì, ÷òî ïðåäñòàâëÿåò áîëüøóþ îïàñíîñòü äëÿ äâèæåíèÿ
àâòîìîáèëüíîãî òðàíñïîðòà.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Äåôîðìàöèè
îòêîñîâ è îáî÷èí âîçíèêàþò âñëåäñòâèå ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ íà ïðîåçæåé ÷àñòè
ïðîäîëüíîãî ñòîêà âîäû (íà ó÷àñòêàõ äîðîãè ñ ïðîäîëüíûì óêëîíîì áîëåå 20 ‰) ïðè
âûïàäåíèè ëèâíåâûõ äîæäåé â âåñåííèé ïåðèîä (àïðåëü - ìàé). Ýòîìó ñïîñîáñòâóþò
çàíèæåíèå ïîïåðå÷íûõ óêëîíîâ ïðîåçæåé ÷àñòè è îáî÷èí, íàëè÷èå êåëåéíîñòè íà
ïîêðûòèÿõ (îñîáåííî íà ãðàâèéíûõ è ùåáåíî÷íûõ) è óãëóáëåíèé ìåæäó êðîìêîé
ïîêðûòèÿ è îáî÷èíàìè.  ðåçóëüòàòå óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ âåðîÿòíîñòü ïîâðåæäåíèÿ â
ìåñòàõ âûõîäà ñîñðåäîòî÷åííûõ ïîòîêîâ íà îòêîñ. Ýòî âûçûâàåò íåîáõîäèìîñòü
ïðåäóñìàòðèâàòü, íàðÿäó ñ ìåðîïðèÿòèÿìè ïî çàùèòå îò âûäóâàíèÿ, çàùèòó îòêîñîâ
îò ðàçìûâà ïîâåðõíîñòíîé âîäîé.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><a
name=PO0000001><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'>«Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå
ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî çàùèòå îòêîñîâ ïåñ÷àíûõ íàñûïåé îò ðàçìûâà â óñëîâèÿõ
Êàçàõñòàíà» ðàçðàáîòàíû â </span></a><a name=PN0000001><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>äîïîëíåíèå «Óêàçàíèé ïî
ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ çåìëÿíîãî ïîëîòíà æåëåçíûõ è àâòîìîáèëüíûõ äîðîã» </span></a><a
href="852.htm"
title="Óêàçàíèÿ ïî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ çåìëÿíîãî ïîëîòíà æåëåçíûõ è àâòîìîáèëüíûõ äîðîã"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'>ÑÍ 449-72</span></a><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New"'> (Ì., Ñòðîéèçäàò, 1973) è «Òåõíè÷åñêèõ
óêàçàíèé ïî ïðîåêòèðîâàíèþ è ñîîðóæåíèþ çåìëÿíîãî ïîëîòíà àâòîìîáèëüíûõ äîðîã â
ïåñ÷àíûõ ïóñòûíÿõ» ÂÑÍ 77-75 (Ìèíòðàíññòðîé, Ì., 1975).</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Â
«Ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèÿõ» èñïîëüçîâàíû îñíîâíûå ïîëîæåíèÿ «Òåõíè÷åñêèõ
óêàçàíèé ïî ïðèìåíåíèþ ñáîðíûõ ðåøåò÷àòûõ êîíñòðóêöèé äëÿ
óêðåïëåíèÿ êîíóñîâ è îòêîñîâ çåìëÿíîãî ïîëîòíà» <a href="4567.htm"
title="Òåõíè÷åñêèå óêàçàíèÿ ïî ïðèìåíåíèþ ñáîðíûõ ðåøåò÷àòûõ êîíñòðóêöèé äëÿ óêðåïëåíèÿ êîíóñîâ è îòêîñîâ çåìëÿíîãî ïîëîòíà">ÂÑÍ
181-74</a> (Ì., «Îðãòðàíññòðîé», 1974).</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Ïðè
ñîñòàâëåíèè íàñòîÿùèõ «Ìåòîäè÷åñêèõ ðåêîìåíäàöèé</span><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>»</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'> èñïîëüçîâàíû ðåçóëüòàòû îïûòí