РД 34.21.121
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<title>Ðóêîâîäÿùèå óêàçàíèÿ ïî ðàñ÷åòó çîí çàùèòû ñòåðæíåâûõ è òðîñîâûõ ìîëíèåîòâîäîâ</title>
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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;
'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ÌÈÍÈÑÒÅÐÑÒÂÎ
ÝÍÅÐÃÅÒÈÊÈ È ÝËÅÊÒÐÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>CCC</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Ð</span></b></p>
<div style='border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 1.0pt 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;
border:none;
padding:0cm;'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>ÃËÀÂÍÎÅ ÒÅÕÍÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÝÍÅÐÃÎÑÈÑÒÅÌ</span></b></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;
'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;
'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ÐÓÊÎÂÎÄßÙÈÅ ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß <br>
ÏÎ ÐÀÑ×ÅÒÓ ÇÎÍ ÇÀÙÈÒÛ ÑÒÅÐÆÍÅÂÛÕ È ÒÐÎÑÎÂÛÕ <br>
ÌÎËÍÈÅÎÒÂÎÄÎÂ</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;
'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;
'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ÐÄ 34.21.121</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;
'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;
'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:center;
'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><img width=45 height=61
src="img\61379.jpg" v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;
'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ÌÎÑÊÂÀ
1974</span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;
'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'> </span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Ñîñòàâëåíî ÂÝÈ, ÃÍÈÝÈ, Ýíåðãîñåòüïðîåêòîì</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";letter-spacing:2.0pt'>Àâòîðû</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
êàíäèäàòû òåõí. íàóê À.À. ÀÊÎÏßÍ, Ý.Ì. ÁÀÇÅËßÍ, Á.Í. ÃÎÐÈÍ è èíæåíåð À.Ñ.
ÁÅËßÅÂ</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:319.8pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ÓÒÂÅÐÆÄÀÞ:</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-left:319.8pt;text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Çàìåñòèòåëü
íà÷àëüíèêà</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-left:319.8pt;text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Ãëàâòåõóïðàâëåíèÿ</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-left:319.8pt;text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Ô.
ÑÈÍÜ×ÓÃÎÂ</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-left:319.8pt;text-align:center'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>4
îêòÿáðÿ 1972 ã.</span></p>
<h1><a name="_Toc121155240"><span style='font-weight:normal'>ÎÁÙÈÅ ÑÂÅÄÅÍÈß</span></a></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Çàùèòíîå
äåéñòâèå ìîëíèåîòâîäîâ îñíîâàíî íà ñâîéñòâå ìîëíèè ñ áîëüøåé âåðîÿòíîñòüþ
ïîðàæàòü áîëåå âûñîêèå è õîðîøî çàçåìëåííûå ìåòàëëè÷åñêèå ïðåäìåòû ïî ñðàâíåíèþ
ñ ðÿäîì ñòîÿùèìè ìåíåå âûñîêèìè. Ìîëíèåîòâîä, ïðèíèìàþùèé íà ñåáÿ ðàçðÿä
ìîëíèè, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé âîçâûøàþùååñÿ íàä çàùèùàåìûì ñîîðóæåíèåì
ìåòàëëè÷åñêîå óñòðîéñòâî, ñîñòîÿùåå èç ìîëíèåïðèåìíèêà, òîêîîòâîäà è
çàçåìëèòåëÿ. Äëÿ çàùèòû ýëåêòðîòåõíè÷åñêèõ óñòàíîâîê îò ïðÿìûõ ðàçðÿäîâ ìîëíèè
ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ ïðèìåíÿòü ñòåðæíåâûå è òðîñîâûå ìîëíèåîòâîäû. Ñòåðæíåâûå
ìîëíèåîòâîäû âûïîëíÿþòñÿ â âèäå âåðòèêàëüíûõ ìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ êîíñòðóêöèé,
óñòàíîâëåííûõ ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî èëè íà êàêèõ-ëèáî ñîîðóæåíèÿõ (íàïðèìåð ïîðòàëàõ,
äûìîâûõ òðóáàõ), à òðîñîâûå - â âèäå ãîðèçîíòàëüíî ïîäâåøåííûõ ïðîâîäîâ
(òðîñîâ).</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Ñòåïåíü
çàùèùåííîñòè ñîîðóæåíèÿ ìîëíèåîòâîäîì îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ âåðîÿòíîñòüþ ïðîðûâà ìîëíèè
ê çàùèùàåìîìó ñîîðóæåíèþ ìèíóÿ ìîëíèåîòâîä. Âåðîÿòíîñòü ïðîðûâà ìîëíèè ðàâíà
îòíîøåíèþ ÷èñëà ðàçðÿäîâ ìîëíèè â çàùèùàåìîå ñîîðóæåíèå ê îáùåìó ÷èñëó ðàçðÿäîâ
ìîëíèè â ìîëíèåîòâîä è çàùèùàåìîå ñîîðóæåíèå.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Ðàñ÷åò
ìîëíèåçàùèòû âåäåòñÿ ïî çîíàì çàùèòû. Âåðîÿòíîñòü ïðîðûâà ìîëíèè ê ëþáîìó
îáúåêòó, ðàñïîëîæåííîìó âíóòðè çîíû çàùèòû, íå äîëæíà ïðåâûøàòü äîïóñêàåìîé
âåëè÷èíû.</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify;text-indent:14.15pt'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Î÷åðòàíèÿ
è ðàçìåðû çîíû çàùèòû îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ ÷èñëîì, âûñîòîé è âçàèìíûì ðàñïîëîæåíèåì
ìîëíèåîòâîäîâ è çàâèñÿò îò äîïó