Проектування залізобетонних конструкцій частина 1-1. загальні правила і правила для споруд

1 2 3 EN 1992-1-1:2004 - - - 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.10 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.5 10.9 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11 12 12.1 12.3 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.9 FOREWORD
This European Standard EN 1992, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures: General rules and rules for buildings, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 "Structural Eurocodes", the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2005, and conflicting National Standards shall be withdrawn at latest by March 2010.
This Eurocode supersedes ENV1992-1-1, 1992-1-3, 1992-1-4, 1992-1-5, 1992-1-6 and 1992-3.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the National Standard Organisations of the following countries are bound to implement these European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

^А?Ц?І?О?^А?Ё?Ь?^И?Й? EUROCODE 2. DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES

PART 1-1. GENERAL RULES AND RULES FOR BUILDINGS

Communities and the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89). 1 BACKGROUND TO THE EUROCODEPROGRAMME
In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications.
Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would replace them.
For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the first generation of European codes in the 1980s.
In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of an agreement 1 between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the provisions of all the Council's Directives and/or Commission's Decisions dealing with European standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products - CPD - and Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market)
The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts:
EN 1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of Structural Design
EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures
EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures
EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures
EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures
EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures
EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures
EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design
EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance
EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures
Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level where these continue to vary from State to State. - - - a) give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary;
b) indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc.;
c) serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for European technical approvals.
The Eurocodes, de facto, play a similar role in the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2.. STATUS AND FIELD OF APPLICATIONOF EUROCODES
The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eurocodes serve as reference documents for the following purposes:
- as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement - as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services;
- as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products (ENs and ETAs)
The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct relationship with the Interpretative Documents 2 referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although they are of a different nature from harmonised product stan- dards 3 . Therefore, technical aspects arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to achieving full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes.

2 3 а?) b) с?) ^A - - - - - - The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative nature. Unusual forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases.

NATIONAL STANDARDS IMPLEMENTINGEUROCODES

The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode (including any annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page and National foreword, and may be followed by a National annex.
The National annex may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in the Eurocode for national choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the country concerned, i.e.:
- values and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode,
- values to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode,
- country specific data (geographical, climatic, etc.), e.g. snow map,
- the procedure to be used where alternative procedures are given in the Eurocode.
It may contain:
- decisions on the application of informative annexes,
- references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to apply the Eurocode. 4.3.2 and 5.2 of ID №?1.. EN 1992-1-1 EN 1992-1-1 EN 1992-1-1 - - - - LINKS BETWEEN EUROCODES ANDHARMONISED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS(ENs and ETAs) FOR PRODUCTS
There is a need for consistency between the harmonised technical specifications for construction products and the technical rules for works 4 . Furthermore, all the information accompanying the CE Marking of the construction products which refer to Eurocodes should clearly mention which Nationally Determined Parameters have been taken into account.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONSPECIFIC TO EN 1992-1-1

EN 1992-1-1 describes the principles and requirements for safety, serviceability and durability of concrete structures, together with specific provisions for buildings. It is based on the limit state concept used in conjunction with a partial factor method.
For the design of new structures, EN 1992-1-1 is intended to be used, for direct application, together with other parts of EN 1992, Eurocodes EN 1990,1991, 1997 and 1998.
EN 1992-1-1 also serves as a reference document for other CEN TCs concerning structural matters.
EN 1992-1-1 is intended for use by:
- committees drafting other standards for structural design and related product, testing and execution standards;
- clients (e.g. for the formulation of their specific requirements on reliability levels and durability);
- designers and constructors ;
- relevant authorities.
Numerical values for partial factors and other reliability parameters are recommended as basic values that provide an acceptable level of reliability. They have been selected assuming that an appropriate level of workmanship and of quality management applies.
When EN 1992-1-1 is used as a base document by other CEN/TCs the same values need to be taken

4 5.2 ID NATIONAL ANNEX FOR EN 1992-1-1

This standard gives values with notes indicating where national choices may have to be made.
Therefore the National Standard implementing EN 1992-1-1 should have a National annex containing all Nationally Determined Parameters to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the relevant country.
National choice is allowed in EN 1992-1-1 through the following clauses:
2.3.3(3) 5.10.3(2) 9.2.2(7) 2.4.2.1(1) 5.10.8(2) 9.2.2(8) 2.4.2.2(1) 5.10.8(3) 9.3.1.1(3) 2.4.2.2(2) 5.10.9 (1) 1.1 1.1.1 (1) (2) (3) EN 1990: EN 1991: hENs: ENV 13670: EN 1997: EN 1998: (4) 1.1.2 (1) 1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 Scope of Eurocode 2
(1)P Eurocode 2 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, t